# Lorenz coefficient L

Example. Calculate L in R

06-10-2021

Schmalz and Rahme (1950) introduced a single parameter that describes the degree of heterogeneity within a pay zone section. The term is called Lorenz coefficient and varies between zero, for a completely homogeneous system, to one for a completely heterogeneous system. The following steps summarize the methodology of calculating Lorenz coefficient:

Step 1. Arrange all the available permeability values in a descending order.

Step 2. Calculate the cumulative permeability capacity $$\sum{kh}$$ and cumulative volume capacity $$\sum{{\phi}h}$$.

Step 3. Normalize both cumulative capacities such that each cumulative capacity ranges from 0 to 1.

Step 4. Plot the normalized cumulative permeability capacity versus the normalized cumulative volume capacity on a Cartesian scale.

The coefficient is defined by the following expression: $L = \frac{\text{Area above the straight line}}{\text{Area below the straight line}}$ where the Lorenz coefficient L can vary between 0 and 1. 0 = completely homogeneous 1 = completely heterogeneous

Example 4.20 (Ahmed, 2019)

library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(DescTools)
library(DT)

datatable(data.LC)


Tabulate the permeability data in a descending order and calculate the normalized $$\sum{kh}$$ and $$\sum{h}$$. Using the mutate function from dplyr package, we add the normalized data in the original dataframe

data.LC <-data.LC %>%
mutate(kh = k*h) %>%
mutate(kh.sum = cumsum(kh), h.sum = cumsum(h)) %>%
mutate(kh.n = kh.sum/sum(kh), h.n = h.sum/sum(h))

datatable(data.LC)


We add zeros at the first row usind rbind function to combine zeros vector with dataframe and get a curve from zero. Then generate a dateframe to plot straight line from (0,0) to (1,1)

v.0 <- c(0,0,0,0,0,0,0)
data.LC <- rbind(v.0, data.LC)

stringi.line <- data.frame(h.n = c(0,1), kh.n = c(0,1))
ggplot(data.LC, aes(h.n, kh.n)) +
geom_line(size = 2, color = "red", linetype = "dashed") +
geom_line(data = stringi.line, aes(h.n, kh.n), size = 2) +
theme(text = element_text(size=20)) +
xlab("Normalized sum(h)") +
ylab("Normalized sum(kh)")


To calculate area under de curve we can use AUC (Area Under the Curve) function from DescTools package, calculating the area under the curve from a vector of x-y coordinates. Then we can use the Lorenz coefficient equation above

kh.auc <- AUC(data.LC$h.n, data.LC$kh.n, from = 0, to = 1)

Lorenz.coeff <- (kh.auc-0.5)/0.5
print(paste("L = ", Lorenz.coeff))

[1] "L =  0.435086404514195"

Files

Reference Ahmed, T (2019) Reservoir Engineering Handbook. Fifth edition.

### Citation

Vázquez (2021, June 10). Chato Solutions: Lorenz coefficient L. Retrieved from https://www.chatosolutions.com/posts/2021-06-10-lc/
@misc{vázquez2021lorenz,
}